Both kinds of maps are available as free PDFs or as purchasable paper products. The historical maps are sometimes easier to read and easier for students to work with. Choose between the up-to-date " US Topo" maps, which are computer generated, and the historical, hand-made USGS topographic maps, which were produced until about 1992. Topographic Maps: Download free, digital USGS topographic maps in a georeferenced PDF format through the USGS Store (Click on " Map Locator and Downloader"), or order paper copies of maps from the same site. Use the following ideas as an aid in building educational lessons or to spark your own ideas for using topographic maps in the curriculum. They can be used in a variety of ways in the science, math, geography, and history curriculum, from elementary to college level. Topographic maps are a fantastic teaching resource for educators. These maps are most commonly published at the 1:24,000 scale (7.5 minute quadrangle), although many other map scales exist. Topographic maps show contour lines (elevation and landforms), hydrography (rivers, lakes, marshes), transportation (roads, trails, railroads, airports), vegetation, boundaries, survey markers, urban areas, buildings, and a variety of other features. The USGS publishes approximately 57,000 different topographic maps covering the United States.
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